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Characterization of organic substances in biochar and their release in the soil ecosystem
Bočán, David ; Doležalová Weissmannová, Helena (referee) ; Mravcová, Ludmila (advisor)
The aim of this master’s thesis was to optimize the extraction of 38 PAH and 7 PCB compounds from samples of commercially available biochar and then apply the most suitable extraction method to real samples of biochar and soil. The concentrations of mentioned compounds were determined by using gas chromatography with mass spectrometry detection. Finally, from these concentrations in individual samples, a rate of release of these compounds from biochar to soil was determined. The theoretical part was focused on summarizing the process of biochar production and its properties. The next part deals with compounds that can be present in biochar, their physicochemical properties and effects on organisms and the environment. Also, a most common ways of extracting and determinating these compounds are mentioned. The final part focuses on soil and its characteristics and the changes it undergoes when biochar is applied to it. In the practical part an extensive optimization of extractions using a PSE extractor and thermal desorption extraction was conducted. After determining optimal conditions for both types of extraction methods, these methods were applied to real samples of biochar and soil. Qualitative analysis was carried out using GCxGC-TOF mass spectrometer and quantitative analysis by MRM method on GC-MS2 mass spectrometer.
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Characterization of organic substances in biochar and their release in the soil ecosystem
Bočán, David ; Doležalová Weissmannová, Helena (referee) ; Mravcová, Ludmila (advisor)
The aim of this master’s thesis was to optimize the extraction of 38 PAH and 7 PCB compounds from samples of commercially available biochar and then apply the most suitable extraction method to real samples of biochar and soil. The concentrations of mentioned compounds were determined by using gas chromatography with mass spectrometry detection. Finally, from these concentrations in individual samples, a rate of release of these compounds from biochar to soil was determined. The theoretical part was focused on summarizing the process of biochar production and its properties. The next part deals with compounds that can be present in biochar, their physicochemical properties and effects on organisms and the environment. Also, a most common ways of extracting and determinating these compounds are mentioned. The final part focuses on soil and its characteristics and the changes it undergoes when biochar is applied to it. In the practical part an extensive optimization of extractions using a PSE extractor and thermal desorption extraction was conducted. After determining optimal conditions for both types of extraction methods, these methods were applied to real samples of biochar and soil. Qualitative analysis was carried out using GCxGC-TOF mass spectrometer and quantitative analysis by MRM method on GC-MS2 mass spectrometer.
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Laboratory Validation of Thermal Desorption Mechanisms of Microwave Heating
Mašín, P. ; Vajdová, A. ; Hendrych, J. ; Kochánková, L. ; Kubal, M. ; Kroužek, J. ; Sobek, Jiří
Cíkem práce bylo posoudit vliv mikrovlnného ohřevu na odstranění sledovaných chlorovaných kontaminantů (HCH, HCB a DDT)z vybraných tuhých materiálů reprezentujících směsný stavební odpad (cihla, beton a zemina) a zejména pak zkoumat smysl přídavku některých pomocných aditiv (Fe2O3, Na2CO3, NaHCO3) z hlediska zvýšení absorbce mikrovln a usnadnění ohřevu materiálu a také jejich možné dehalogenační účinky vůči desorbovaným kontaminantům.
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